A Review of the Strength of Trade Polices of Emerging Economies and their Goal of Sustainable Economic Development

Authors

  • Rahat Sabah PhD Scholar, Greenwich University Karachi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v8i2.461

Keywords:

EPZs, Growth Theories, Economic Difficulties, Trade Policies, Sustainable Economic Growth, Developing Nations

Abstract

Developing nations are trying to handle the economic problems by applying different strategies, on the other hand they are highly impressed with the infant-industry idea, that is belong to classic growth theory of traditional trade. Which is not a worldwide valid idea. According to many economists and scholars the infant-industry proposal stops the emerging countries to enter into international business market. The Nations who embrace this   idea could not enjoy the competitive advantages in the global market and who decide not to enter into the international market, they have to face high cost of business, inefficient production and decease in jobs opportunities. This study has explored that many firm want to grow their business all over the world at present-day and they are seeking reliable international suppliers and freedom of movement in operating their investment units. To attract the foreign and local investors the emerging nations have to enhance the corporate image of their FTZ/EPZs setup, which is protected by the both endogenous and exogenous growth theories. In its performance and functions, it has the significance and power to increase the capacity of   trade and industry which in turn cause to create business opportunities and provide the path of economic growth, therefore this study has suggested to spend much time and efforts on R&D not only to update the trade strategies and macroeconomic policies but to improve the supply chain system also in the regions.

References

Amorim, W. S., Deggau, A. B., do Livramento Gonçalves Andrade, J. B. S. O. (2019). Urban challenges and opportunities to promote sustainable food security through smart cities

Aune, J. A. (2002). Selling the free market: The rhetoric of economic correctness. Guilford Press.

Boettke, P. (2018). Economics and public administration. Southern Economic Journal, 84(4),

Boyce, T. (2017). The China-Pakistan economic corridor: Trade security and regional lications.

Casterton-Campos, O., Aye, L., & Hui, F. K. P. (2022). Effects of learning curve models on onshore wind and solar PV cost developments in the USA. Renewable and Sustainable

Cetin, M., Ecevit, E., & Yucel, A. G. (2018). The impact of economic growth, energy consumption, trade Openness, and financial development on carbon emissions: empirical evidence from Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,

Chirwa, W. P. (2018). The regulation of subsidies and regional trade among developing countries in the multilateral trading system: the case of export processing zones in Malawi.

Conner, K. R., & Prahalad, C. K. (1996). A resource-based theory of the firm: Knowledge versus

Costa, D., Kehoe, T. J., & Ravindranathan, G. (2016). The stages of economic growth evisited. Economic Policy.

Deraniyagala, S., & Fine, B. (2001). New trade theory versus old trade policy: a continuing nigma. Cambridge journal of economics, 25(6), 809-825.

Dossani, R., Bouey, J., & Zhu, K. (2020). Demystifying the Belt and Road Initiative. The RAND

Dupont, B. (2017). The history of economic ideas: economic thought in contemporary context. Routledge.

Durusu-Ciftci, D., Ispir, M. S., & Yetkiner, H. (2017)

Farag, F. S., Ab-Rahim, R., & Mohd-Kamal, K. A. (2021). Foreign Trade and Economic Growth Relationship: Empirical Evidence from Libya.

Flitton, A., & Currie, T. E. (2022). Assessing different historical pathways in the cultural evolution of economic development. Evolution and Human Behavior, 43(1), 71-82.

Freeman, D. (2015). Pentecostalism and economic development in sub-saharan Africa.

Girardi, D. (2021). The neoclassical theory of aggregate investment and its criticisms.

Golder, P. N., & Tellis, G. J. (2004). Growing, growing, gone: Cascades, diffusion, and turning points in the productlife cycle. Marketing Science, 23(2), 207-218.

Gómez-Caicedo, M. I., Gaitán-Angulo, M., Quintero, A., & Danna-Buitrago, J. P. (2022). Endogenous growth factors and their empirical verification in the Colombian business context by applying fuzzy measurement techniques.

Grossman, G. (1963). Notes for a Theory of the Command Economy.

Hirschman, A. O. (2002). Shifting involvements. Princeton University Press.

Hoen, A. R., & Oosterhaven, J. (2006). On the measurement of comparative advantage.

Irfan, E., Ali, Y., & Sabir, M. (2022). Analysing role of businesses’ investment in digital literacy: A case of Pakistan. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176, 121484.

Khan, A., & Rehman, N. U. (2019). Impact of macroeconomic variables on foreign direct investment in

Khan, Muhammad Aamir, et al. "A household level analysis of the Pakistan–Malaysia free trade agreement." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53.7 (2018): 1062-1085.

Kopel, M., Lamantia, F., & Szidarovszky, F. (2014). Evolutionary competition in a mixed market with socially concerned firms. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 48, 394-409.

Kyianytsia, L. L. (2021). The Modernization Theory Paradigm and Its Discontents: Reviewing the Contribution and Fallings of the Modernization Theory to Social and Political Research. Ukrainian Policymaker, 8(8), 41-50.

Leamer, E. E. (1995). The Heckscher-Ohlin model in theory and practice.Linder, S. B. (1961). An essay on trade and transformation (pp. 82-109). Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.

Lectard, P., & Rougier, E. (2018). Can developing countries gain from defying comparative advantage? Distance to comparative advantage, export diversification and sophistication, and the dynamics of specialization. World Development, 102, 90-110.

Lin, J. Y. (2011). New structural economics: A framework for rethinking development. The World Bank Research Observer, 26(2), 193-221.

Malefane, M. R. (2018). Impact of trade openness on economic growth: Empirical evidence from South Africa.

Muhammad, B., & Khan, M. K. (2021). Foreign direct investment inflow, economic growth, energy consumption, globalization, and carbon dioxide emission around the world.

Neveling, P. (2017). 4. Capital over Labor: Health and Safety in Export Processing Zone Garment Production since 1947. In Unmaking the Global Sweatshop (pp. 123-146).

Obeng?Odoom, F. (2020). The African continental free trade area. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 79(1), 167-197.

Olsen, K. B. (2022). Diplomatic Realisation of the EU’s “Geoeconomic Pivot”: Sanctions, Trade, and Development Policy Reform. Politics and Governance, 10(1), 5-15.

Omotor, D. G. (2008). The role of exports in the economic growth of Nigeria: the bounds test analysis. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2(4), 222-235.

Opportunism. Organization science, 7(5), 477-501.

Otieno, O. L. (2015). The Relationship between capital structure, performance and replacement of CEO in firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (Doctoral dissertation).

Pakistan Statistical Year Book 2019 | Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (pbs.gov.pk)

Park, S. C. (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution and implications for innovative cluster policies. AI & SOCIETY, 33(3), 433-445.

Parwez, S. (2018). Enterprising SEZ enclaves and economic development in India. Journal of International Business and Economy, 19(1), 1-33.

Pelsa, I., & Balina, S. (2022, February). Development of economic theory–from theories of economic growth and economic development to the paradigm of sustainable development (Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 91-101).

Phale, K., Fanglin, L., Adjei Mensah, I., Omari-Sasu, A. Y., & Musah, M. (2021). Knowledge-based economy capacity building for developing countries: a panel analysis in Southern African Development Community. Sustainability, 13(5), 2890.

Rankin, K. (2011, June). Mercantilist reasoning in economic policy making. In Conference of the New Zealand Association of Economists, Wellington (Vol. 29).

Rasler, K. A., & Thompson, W. R. (2006). Contested territory, strategic rivalries, and conflict escalation. International Studies Quarterly, 50(1), 145-167.

Rondinellli, D. A. (1987). Export processing zones and economic development in Asia: A review and reassessment of a means of promoting growth and jobs. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 46(1), 89-106.

Rumanzi, P. I., Turyareeba, D., Kaberuka, W., Mbabazize, R. N., & Ainomugisha, P. (2021). Uganda’s growth Determinants: A Test of the Relevance of the Neoclassical Growth Theory. Modern Economy, 12(1), 107-139.

Safi, A., Chen, Y., Wahab, S., Ali, S., Yi, X., & Imran, M. (2021). Financial instability and consumption-based carbon emission in E-7 countries: The role of trade and economic growth. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 383-391.

Sasakura, B. K. (2021). How Uzawa differs from Lucas. Oxford Economic Papers.

Schmelzer, M. (2017). The growth paradigm: History, hegemony, and the contested making of economic growth manship. (pp. 164 -186). Routledge.

Seretis, S. A., & Tsaliki, P. V. (2016). Absolute advantage and international trade: Evidence from four Euro-zone economies. Review of Radical Political Economics, 48(3), 438-451.

Shabanov, V. L., Vasilchenko, M. Y., Derunova, E. A., & Potapov, A. P. (2021). Formation of an export-oriented agricultural economy and regional open innovations. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 32

Siroën, J. M., & Yücer, A. (2014). Trade performance of free trade zones.

Tang, T. C. (2014). Fiscal deficit, trade deficit, and financial account deficit: Triple deficits hypothesis with the US experience.

Tunio, M. N. (2020). Academic entrepreneurship in developing countries: Contextualizing recent debate. In Research Handbook on Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. Edward Elgar Publishing.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2019). World investment report 2019: Special conomic zones. UN.

Vlados, C. (2019). The Classical and Neoclassical theoretical traditions and the evolutionary study of the dynamics of globalization. Journal of Economics and Political Economy, 6(3), 257-280.

Wacker, J. G. (2004). A theory of formal conceptual definitions: developing theory-building measurement instruments. Journal of Operations Management, 22(6), 629-650.

Witell, L., Kristensson, P., Gustafsson, A., & Löfgren, M. (2011). Idea generation: customer co?creation Versus traditional market research techniques. Journal of Service Management.

Zia, M. M., Malik, B. A., & Waqar, S. (2018). Special Economic Zones (SEZs): A Comparative Analysis CPEC SEZs in Pakistan. Pakistan J. Soc. Sci, 9, 37-60.

Downloads

Published

2022-06-30

How to Cite

Sabah, R. . (2022). A Review of the Strength of Trade Polices of Emerging Economies and their Goal of Sustainable Economic Development . Review of Economics and Development Studies, 8(2), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v8i2.461