Workers’ Remittances and Growth Linkages in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26710/reads.v2i2.126Keywords:
Worker Remittances, Gross Domestic Product, Govt. Expenditure, Health Expenditure, Private SavingAbstract
Remittances are considered as the cash inflows to the economy and are
imperative international source of revenue for most of the less
developed countries (LDCs). For data analysis, the Ordinary least square
estimation technique was employed to the time series data for the years
1981 to 2010. This research comes with the conclusion that level of
GDP is positively associated with the worker’s remittances and the
findings also support the optimistic view of remittances. It is suggested
that govt. should take serious steps and proper measures to utilize the
workers’ remittances so, that the economy will be on the right track
towards the development.
References
Abbot, M., &Doucouliagos, C. (2003). The Efficiency of Australian Universities: A Data Envelopement Analysis. Economics of Education, 22, 89-97.
Asadullah, M. N. (2009). Returns to Private and Public Education in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Journal of Asian Economics, 20, 77-86.
Avkiran, N. K. (2001). Investigating Technical and Scale Efficiencies of Australian Universities Through Data Envelopment Analysis. Socio-economic Planning Sciences, 35(1), 57-80.
Bedi, A. S., & Garg, A. (2000). The Effectiveness of Private vs. Public Schools: The Case of Indonesia. Journal of Development Economics, 61, 463-494.
Braun, H., Jenkins, F., &Grigg, W. (2006).Comparing Private Schools and Public Schools Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling. NCES 2006-461. National Center for Education Statistics.
Castano, M. C. N., &Cabanda, E. (2007). Sources of Efficiency and Productivity Growth in the Philippine State Universities and Colleges: A Non-Parametric Approach. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 6(6), 79-90.
Cavalcanti, T., Guimaraes, J., &Sampaio, B. (2010). Barriers to Skill Acquisition in Brazil: Public and Private School Students Performance in a Public University Entrance Exam. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 50, 395-407.
Chubb, J. E., & Moe, T. M.Chubb, J. E. (1990). Politics, Markets, and America's Schools. Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Chudgar, A., & Quin, E. (2012). Relationship between Private Schooling and Achievement: Results from Rural and Urban India. Economics of Education, 31, 376-390.
Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques. 1977. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Coleman, J. S. (1997). The Design of Schools as Output-Driven Organizations. In R. Shapira& P. W. Cookson (Eds.), Autonomy and Choice in Context: An International Perspective 249-270.
Coulson, A. J. (2009). Comparing Public, Private, and Market Schools: The International Evidence. Journal of School Choice, 3, 31-54.
Cuenca, J. S. (2011). Efficiency of State Universities and Colleges in the Philippines: A Data Envelopment Analysis. (No. DP 2011-14).
Dills, A. K., & Mulholland, S. E. (2010).A Comparative Look at Private and Public Schools' Class Size Determinants. Education Economics, 18(4), 435-454.
Dronker, J., & Robert, P. (2008). Differences in Scholastic Achievement of Public, Private Government -Dependent, and Private Independent Schools: A Cross-National Analysis. Educational Policy, 22(4), 541-577.
Dronkers, J. (2001). More Parental Choice in Europe?Overview of Effectiveness Differences between Religious Schools and Public Schools in Several European Societies.
Dyson, R. G., Thanassoulis, E. and Boussofiane, A. (1998).Data Envelopment Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.csv.warwick.ac.uk/~bsrlu/dea/deat/deat1.htm
Friedman, M. (1955).The Role of Government in Education.In R. Solo (Ed.). Economics and the Public Interest, 123-144.
Hanushek, E. (1986). The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools. Journal of Economic Literature, XXIV, 1141-1177.
Horowitz, J. B., & Spector, L. (2005). Is There a Difference Between Private and Public Education on College Performance? Economics of Education, 24, 189-195.
Johnes, J. (2006). Data Envelopment Analysis and its Application to the Measurement of Efficiency in Higher Education. Economics of Education, 25, 273-288.
Johnes, J., & Yu, L. (2008).Measuring the Research Performance of Chinese Higher Education Institutions Using Data Envelopment Analysis. China Economic Review, 19, 679-696.
Komatsu, T. (2009).Qualitative Inquiry into Local Education Administration in Pakistan. International Journal of Educational Development, 29, 219-226.
Lassibille, G., & Tan, J. P. (2001). Are Private Schools More Efficient than Public Schools? Evidence from Tanzania. Education Economics, 9(2), 145-172.
Lubienski, C., &Lubienski, S. T. (2006). Charter, Private, Public Schools and Academic Achievement: New Evidence from NAEP Mathematics Data (Vol. 16). New York: National Center for the Study of Privatization in Education, Teachers College, Columbia University.
Martin, E. (2003). An Application of the Data Envelopment Analysis Methodology in the Performance Assessment of the Zaragoza University Departments.Documentos de trabajo, 6(1).
Perelman, S., &Santin, D. (2011).Measuring Educational Efficiency at Student Level with Parametric Stochastic Distance Functions: An Application to Spanish PISA Results. Education Economics, 19(1), 29-49.
Oliver, P. R., Belluzzo. W., &Pazello. E. T. (2013). The Public-Private Test Score Gap in Brazil. Economics of Education, 35, 120-133.
Sherman, H. D. (1998). Service Organization Productivity Management.The Society of Management Accountants of Canada, Hamilton, Ontario.
Statistical Pocket Book of the Punjab 2012, (2013) Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab
Stern, Z. S., Mehrez, A. and Barboy, A. (1994).Academic Departments Efficiency via DEA. Computers and Operations Research 21(5), 543-556.