Ideological Diversity and Birth Control Differentials in Pakistan: A Study of Islamabad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26710/reads.v5i2.637Keywords:
Globalization, Employment Elasticity, ARDL, PakistanAbstract
Growing Population explosion was not a grave problem in the early days of Islam or in the period of Islamic legislation. Thus, no explicit negation or affirmation of it is available either in the religious texts or in the religious jurisprudence or law. That is why presently the ulema from both the ends ? the opponents as well as the proponents of family planning, extract some selective Quranic verses, Ahadith and inferences of jurisprudence in favour of their respective viewpoints. Such diverging views have made the future of family planning programmes doubtful in Pakistan. With this background, the present study shows that in the contemporary situation, it is solely the individual who makes the final decision about approving or disapproving family planning. This decision-making process is influenced by the personal attributes of the practitioners. In order to evaluate these attributes, the researcher has attempted to analyze and highlight the perception of family planning by Muslim residents of Islamabad i.e. the Capital city of Pakistan. The people surveyed are predominantly from different social, geographical and economic backgrounds and from different religious callings, along the sectarian continuum. The researcher’s task has thus been to observe the responses and to point out whether the objective variables i.e. geographical, income and class, occupation and age factors etc. are more significantly associated with knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning or the subjective variables like religion and sect appear to be more important determining factor of family planning practice in a traditional society like that of Pakistan.
References
Ahmad, Wajihuddin (1974). "Family Planning and Social Change in Culture".In Islam and Family Planning.Berut: ImprimericCatholique.
Ahmad, Rashid (1995). "Islam and Family Planning".In Almuarif [Urdu]. Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture.
Akbar, Khalid Farooq (1994). "Family Planning in Islam: A Review". In HamdardIslamics, Vol. XVII.No.3, Pakistan.
Charles Knowlton (1833) Fruits of Philosophy: A Treatise on the Population Question eds. Annie Besant and Charles Bradlaugh (1876) (San Francisco: Reader’s Library).
Ambercrombie, Nicholas, Stephen Hill, and B. S. Turner (1988).The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology. England: Penguin Books.
Government of Pakistan (1956). First Five Year Plan, 1955-60. Karachi: Planning Board.
Government of Pakistan (1964). Pakistan Population Growth Estimation, Manual Proceeding Instructions, Vital Events, Operations Manual 5. Karachi: Central Statistics Office.
Government of Pakistan (1976). Pakistan Fertility Survey: First Report. Islamabad: Population Planning Council of Pakistan.
Government of Pakistan (1983).Population Census 1981. Islamabad: Population Census Organization.
Government of Pakistan (1986). Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (1984-85). Islamabad: Ministry of Planning and Development. Population Welfare Division.
Government of Pakistan (1987). Seventh Five Year Plan, 1988-93. Islamabad: Planning Commission.
Government of Pakistan (1995). Pakistan Demographic Survey, 1992, Karachi: Federal Bureau of Statistics. Statistics Division, Pakistan.
Government of Pakistan (1996). Economic Survey of Pakistan 1996-97, Economic Advisers Wing. Islamabad: Finance Division.
Government of Pakistan (1999). Economic Survey of Pakistan 1998-1999, Economic Advisers Wing. Islamabad: Finance Division.
Mahmood, Tahir (1977). Family Planning: the Muslim View Point. Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.
Malthus, T. R. (1872). An Essay on the Principle of Population. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.
Marrak, Abdelkerim d. (1974)."Islam in Developing Society".In Islam and Family Planning.Berut: ImprimericCatholique.
Omran, Abdel Rahim (1992). Family Planning in the Legacy of Islam. London: Routledge.
Peterson, William (1969). Population. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc.
Rukunuddin, Abdul Razaque& M.N.I. Farooqui (1988).The State of Population in Pakistan 1987. Islamabad: National Institute of Population Studies.
Sathar, Zeba Ayesha (1984). "Does Female Literacy Affect Fertility Behaviour in Pakistan".Pakistan Development Review. Vol. XXIII. No. 4. Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
Sharif, Ch. Muhammad (1996).Family Planning in Islam. Lahore: Impact Publications International.
Singer, Milton (1970). "The Modernization of Religious Beliefs".In MaronWeiner.ed.Modernization and Dynamics of Growth. New York.
Malthus, T. R. (1872). An Essay on the Principle of Population. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.
National Institute of Population Studies (1992). Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 1990-91. Columbia: IRD/Macro International Incharge. USA.
National Institute of Population Studies (1996). Population Growth and its Implications on Socio-Economic Development in Pakistan. Islamabad: NIPS.
The Population Council (1995). Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1994-95: Basic Findings. Islamabad: Pan Graphics Private Ltd.
United Nations (1973).Multilingual Demographic Dictionary. New York: Department of Economics and Social Affairs.
Wriggins, W. H. (1975). Pakistan in Transition. Islamabad: University of Islamabad Press.